Usage of Artificial Intelligence Tools to Improve Digital Web Accessibility

Todor Todorov

doi:10.55630/dipp.2024.14.12

Authors

Todor Todorov Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2024.14.12

Keywords:

Website Accessibility, Accessibility Evaluation, Artificial Intelligence, Web technologies

Abstract

Accessibility of websites considers challenges related to creation of web pages adapted to user with different types of impairments. The goal of web accessibility is to remove barriers that may prevent people with disabilities from accessing or interacting with web content effectively. The paper presents some web accessibility standards and challenges related to their complying. A special attention is paid to some popular artificial intelligence tools and how they could be used to solve accessibility issues on web sites development.

References

Abascal, J., Arrue, M., & Valencia, X. (2019). Tools for Web Accessibility Evaluation. In Y. Yesilada, & S. Harper (Eds.), Web Accessibility. Human–Computer Interaction Series (pp 479–503). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0_26

Abu Doush, I., Sultan, K., Al-Betar, M., Almeraj, Z., Alyasseri, Z., & Awadallah, M. (2023). Web accessibility automatic evaluation tools: to what extent can they be automated? CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction, 5 (9), 288– 320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42486-023-00127-8

Accessibility. (n.d.). https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/accessibility

Aizpurua, A., Harper, S., & Vigo, M. (2016). Exploring the relationship between web accessibility and user experience. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 91, 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.03.008

Ara, J., Sik-Lanyi, C., & Kelemen, A. (2024). Accessibility engineering in web evaluation process: a systematic literature review. Universal Access in the Information Society, 23, 653–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-00967-2

ChatGPT. (n.d.). https://chat.openai.com/

Copilot. (n.d.). https://copilot.microsoft.com/

Findel, H., & Navon, J. (2015). A Test Environment for Web Single Page Applications (SPA). In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies - WEBIST (pp. 47-54). https://doi.org/10.5220/0005428000470054

Gavrilă, V., Bajenaru, L., & Dobre, C. (2019). Modern Single Page Application Architecture: A Case Study. Studies in Informatics and Control, 28 (2), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.24846/v28i2y201911

Gemini. (n.d.). https://gemini.google.com/app

Nacheva, R., & Jansone, A. (2023). Heuristic Evaluation of AI-Powered Web Accessibility Assistants. Baltic Journal of Modern Computing, 11 (4), 542-557. https://www.bjmc.lu.lv/fileadmin/user_upload/lu_portal/projekti/bjmc/Contents/11_4_02_Nacheva.pdf

Nuñez, A., Moquillaza, A., & Paz, F. (2019). Web Accessibility Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review. In A. Marcus, & W. Wang, (Eds.) Design, User Experience, and Usability. Practice and Case Studies. HCII 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 11586 (pp. 226–237). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23535-2_17

Pickering, H. (2016). Inclusive design patterns : coding accessibility into web design. Smashing Magazine.

Sanchez-Gordon, S., & Luján-Mora, S. (2017). A Method for Accessibility Testing of Web Applications in Agile Environments. In Proceedings of the 7th World Congress for Software Quality (WCSQ). En proceso de publicación.(citado en la página 13, 15, 85). http://sandrasanchez.blog.epn.edu.ec/wpcontent/uploads/sites/141/2017/04/WCSQ-2017-Sanchez-Gordon-Lujan-Mora-Accessibility-Testing.pdf

Sauer, J., Sonderegger, A., & Schmutz, S. (2020). Usability, user experience and accessibility: towards an integrative model. Ergonomics, 63 (10), 1207–1220. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2020.1774080.

WCAG Accessibility Principles. (n.d.). https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/intro.html

Web Accessibility Best Practices. (n.d.). https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/webaccessibility-best-practices/

Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). (n.d.). https://www.w3.org/WAI/

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). (n.d.). https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/

Yesilada, Y., & Harper, S. (2019). Web Accessibility - A Foundation for Research. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7440-0